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Socialization is not as easy as it sounds, and to completely understand and it is an on going process throughout life. There are a lot of different parts to socialization so we will try to cover them as brief as possible. The infamous psychologist Sigmund Freud stated that biology pays a significant part in human development. He believed that humans have two simple needs, and the first is the need to bond, and the second is the aggressive drive in which he coined as death instinct. Freud stated that these are two opposing forces that works in the unconscious level and causes some internal torment. The unconscious theory of psychology is both controversial and debatable because there is really no concrete proof that it exists. He also combined personality and the basic drives into three separate parts which are known as the id, ego, and superego. The id is an individual’s basic drives in the unconscious mind, and it demands attention from people.

A popular example for this is why a young child demands a bundle of attention and materialistic objects. However, this is usually neutralized that’s why one of the common words added to an individual’s dictionary is no. To avoid being angry and unsatisfied a child most come to think consciously and with rational abilities. It will be illogical and impractical if a child could get everything they want and this is known as the ego stage. The last part is known as superego and this happens when an individual use cultural norms to help make decisions. This happens during the conscious stage as well, and an example is study hard to get good grades and get accepted into college. The id and the superego will always have a battle with each other, but with a socially adjusted individual the ego helps balance these two out. The superego is an important stage because if an individual don’t have it then they will develop an attitude that center around themselves and would not be willing to make sacrifices in life. During his time, sex was a controversial topic and was not viewed as a basic drive for human beings. Now-a-days things have changed quite greatly but are still controversial because it shines women in a negative light.

Another psychologist that did great discoveries for the development of children around their environment is Jean Piaget. He was a Swiss psychologist that main concentration was in cognition or the mental processes of individuals. He put together four basic stages for cognitive maturing. The first stage was known as the senorimotor stage. During this stage an individual experiences things solely through their senses such as smelling, tasting, and listening. The second stage is called the preoperational stage and occurs around age 2. This is the stage when a person starts talking and use signals such as the classic “good bye” wave. In this stage an individual sill lacks abstract development. For example if you pull liquid into two separate containers and one is tall while the other is wide, then children in this stage will automatically assume that the taller glass contains more liquid even though it’s the same amount of fluid in both containers. The third or concrete operational stage is which individuals can experience a more logical connection to their surroundings. An example is when an individual can note that a day can have one the more significance. If it’s Sunday than not only do an individual go to church but they also have no school. The last stage is known as the formal operational stage and an individual has the ability to think very abstractly. They have a deeper understanding of things can solve some concrete math or logic problems. Even though Piaget based his theories on cognition he didn’t really consider the effect that society would have on an individual developing stages, and some individuals don’t go through all stages as a result of this. In some parts of the world especially in the very traditional cultures individuals don’t go through all stages. However don’t think that his only happens in the United States because it may surprise you that a large portion of Americans can’t read or write.

A sociologist that built on Piget’s discoveries was named Lawrence Kohlberg. What he studied is individual’s moral rationalizing capabilities or how they how they come to reason on what is right, and what is wrong. As young children we don’t rely on our guilt feelings but more like what feels good to us. What feels good is usually associated with what is right, and this is known as the pre-conventional stage. In the next stage or conventional stage, which usually happens in the teen years, individuals usually will become less selfish and try to adjust to society’s needs. In the final or post-conventional stage people look up and beyond their society’s norms and ethics to help make their decisions. An example of this is debating the law because the average person will not question it, but some people may think that just because something is not against the law doesn’t mean its right. Most individuals will not make it to this stage. However, there were some common errors in Kohlberg’s study and this was a very common one.

There was a gender bias because all of his subjects were male and he generalized female morality based on males and you can see the obvious flaw here. Luckily, Carol Gilligan fixed this error and compared the moral development of boys and girls. What she concluded that men were more by the rules. If they hear that someone broke into a hospital and stole medicine then they will view it as wrong. However, a woman may look into it deeper and consider why an individual would break into a hospital and steal medicine and would be more sympathetic to those that steal for a meaningful purpose such as Robin Hood. Perhaps it was to save his sickly life when he didn’t have the capital to pay for it.

If you and your ex have broken up and you are frantically trying to think of some way to reverse the situation then you need to stop for a second and make sure are being honest with yourself.

Take a bit of time to think about why you want your ex back so badly, and be honest. For too many people the desire for reunion is not really about love, it’s about jealousy.

These people do not want to get back with an ex because they think it’s the right thing for both of them, but only because they can’t stand to see him or her with someone else.

The human mind can have difficulty separating love from jealousy. Try your best to work it out though because if it is just jealousy that makes you want to get your ex back you are probably doomed to failure and putting yourself through a lot of misery for no good reason.

If you are sure that you want to re-ignite the relationship with your ex for all the right reasons, don’t stop being honest with yourself because you have some more thinking to do.

Now is the time to think clearly and honestly about why the relationship with your ex has come to an end.

No matter what the ultimate reason for the break up was you must shoulder some of the responsibility.

Because in fact you have more chance of rebuilding your relationship with your ex if the responsibility for the break up rests mainly on your shoulders.

Think about it like this.

If you were perfect and your ex was wholly responsible for the break up then there is nothing you can change that will get him or her back. Don’t start thinking you can make your ex change, because you can’t.

If the break up was your fault though, then you have the opportunity to make changes to yourself that may help you to renew the relationship.

So take heart and be brave. Look at yourself and your relationship with your ex in hard, honest light and you will be giving yourself the best possible chance of getting your ex back.

Sick and tired of coming home just to find another designer shoe that has fallen victim to dog chewing? Well you have found the right place to come for help.

In this article I am going to cover why your dog chews on things in the first place and what you can do to stop your dog chewing problem. It’s about time right? At least for the sake of those new tennis shoes you bought last week.

First you need to come to grips with the fact that all dogs have a natural tendency to chew on things. At least you can rest assured in knowing that your dog isn’t trying to destroy your things or get back at you for not taking him on that walk yesterday.

It is vital to stop dog chewing as soon as possible because over time it can actually turn quite dangerous. For example, chewing through an electrical wire or getting into poison.

Thankfully, there are only a few reasons you dog is chewing in the first place. The main one is actually due to boredom. Your dog then starts to chew on things just to be entertained. If this is the case with your dog, give him some toys that are safe for him to chew on.

Separation anxiety is also a big factor. If you work all day and your dog is left at home alone, at least put on the radio or the television.

Your dog would probably rather watch Animal Planet than soap operas. However, anything is better than nothing.

If your dog is a puppy he is probably teething right now and this is what spurred the dog chewing problem in the first place. Make sure you take care of this problem quickly because this is the time that habits are developed, which will be harder to break later on.

Fear can also cause your dog to chew on things. Make sure there is nothing that is causing your dog to be afraid or stressed out.

Make sure to make your home as comforting as possible for your dog and keep anything that may be scaring your dog away.

Make sure to let your dog watch some television while you are out so he doesn’t feel so alone. If you get nothing else out of this article, remember that he is not chewing on your things out of anger or to upset you.

So deal with your dog chewing problem with patience and love and you will get results.

While there are different qualities of leadership, the qualities leaders are most known are having vision and working to implement those visions.

They know how to drive others to help them reach goals. They understand how to help others change behaviors so that strategies can be made.

There are several vital leadership qualities:

* Listening to other viewpoints: Good leaders know the importance of listening to and weighing other people’s opinions, and they do so in a positive way. They often find ways to base their goals and strategies on their followers’ feedback.

* Leaders are great communicators. They know how to express themselves clearly. They also know when to speak calmly or motivationally. They are also very easy to follow because they give understandable directions.

* Good leaders also help their followers or team members understand the problems that are in the way of desired outcomes. Good leaders know how to also help their team find appropriate solutions.

* The ability to delegate. This is one of the most important qualities of leadership, but one that is frequently overlooked. Leaders know the strengths and skills of their team, and they capitalize on these strengths by giving each team member tasks that contribute to the goals.

* A good leader knows how to show appropriate appreciation to team members who have done well. Good leaders know when to reward their followers.

* Leaders also hold the quality of respect. They try to treat others how they would like to be treated. They follow the Golden Rule. They don’t just demand respect, but show that they deserve it.

* Good leaders set goals. They set clear objectives that are attainable and easy to understand.

* Leaders try to include creativity or innovation into the goals that are set.

* Good leaders also try to keep everyone involved in the strategies that they have implemented.

* Good leaders encourage integrity, ethics, and good values in the workplace. This is one of the most important qualities of leadership.

John Quincy Adams subscribed to the believe that a leader is someone who inspires people to dream more, do more, learn more, and become more. If you are able to motivate people to do that, you are probably already becoming a great leader.

Finding a cute toddler Halloween costume is a treat. Many stores offer a vast array of spooky and sweet toddler costumes. The trick is to find an adorable tomato or pumpkin suit that is also safe and comfortable.

The safest and simplest infant costumes or those suited for toddler Halloween costumes should never interfere with their movements of wavering walk or their eyesight. Remember all those steep steps of homes that they may trick or treat, or the Halloween party they may be attending.

The ability to wear clothing under the costume is helpful when the climate is not so warm during this time of year, particularly if the costume will be worn over a jacket and additional clothing. Be certain that neither infant nor toddler Halloween costume impedes the movement of the children’s extremities; bunching or gather outfits will make it difficult to walk.

Toddler costumes which are purchased or made should be checked over completely to assure that safety comes first. This includes the review of masks as to not obstruct vision. Far better would be face painting, which in no way interferes with their ability to see what they are walking toward or what may be coming toward them. Flowing costumes which are lengthy should be inspected to be certain that they are not too long and will create hazards when walking or running. Wonderful new toddler Halloween costumes are available which include the use face paints rather than a mask.

Want the safest suit possible? Opt for a suit that has few pieces and no mask. Some cute toddler costume ideas include a monkey, doggy, kitty or princess. Use face paint instead of a mask and easily attach ears or a crown with either a headband or barrettes. A shortened monkey tail will also help avoid potential tripping. TIP: make sure your little prince or princess can easily get in and out of the suit. This makes bathroom breaks as simple as possible!

Remember that all infant Halloween costumes should be free of any small parts that may come loose and then placed in the mouth of the child at those times when you may not be looking. Nor should infant costumes have any type of heavy hooded gear as this may slide down over the face of the child when they are in their car seats at the rear of the vehicle.

Of course, modern infant and toddler Halloween costumes are much safer than they have been in years gone by. Normally Halloween costumes are made of flame retardant materials. You should check to make sure that all your Halloween costumes are flame retardant as there are so many risks to the safety rules when regarding children and the use of candles inside jack o’ lanterns. It is best to use glow sticks in place of candles when at all possible. Safety should always be key in dressing a child up in a Halloween costume, whether an infant or a toddler.

Infant and toddler Halloween costumes are to be appealing and pleasurable rather than a safety hazard that may possibly turn an evening of fun and magic into something much less desirable. Halloween will be safe and worthwhile for both you and your child when you take the time to ensure that the Halloween costume worn by your infant or toddler is safe to wear. More over, just think of how proud you will be of the infant or toddler who will be wearing a special costume for Halloween. Edited by Glinda Zuladra